Near Protocol price

in USD
$2.469
-- (--)
USD
Market cap
$3.09B #30
Circulating supply
1.25B / 1.28B
All-time high
$20.6
24h volume
$402.14M
4.0 / 5
NEARNEAR
USDUSD

About Near Protocol

NEAR Protocol (ticker: NEAR) is a cryptocurrency designed to power the NEAR blockchain ecosystem, which focuses on scalability, user-friendliness, and enabling decentralized applications (dApps). It is built on a cutting-edge technology called sharding, which dynamically splits the network to handle high transaction volumes efficiently. This makes NEAR fast, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. NEAR is used for transaction fees, staking to secure the network, and governance participation, allowing holders to vote on network upgrades. Its ecosystem supports AI integration, cross-chain liquidity, and decentralized finance (DeFi) innovations, positioning NEAR as a versatile tool for developers and users. With its focus on accessibility and scalability, NEAR is paving the way for a decentralized future.
AI insights
Layer 1
CertiK
Last audit: Jun 1, 2020, (UTC+8)

Disclaimer

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Near Protocol’s price performance

Past year
-50.70%
$5.01
3 months
-8.12%
$2.69
30 days
-8.05%
$2.69
7 days
-15.51%
$2.92

Near Protocol on socials

Financelot
Financelot
Top Gainers for October 14th *natural resource stocks still running hard.
Financelot
Financelot
Top Gainers for October 13th *Pretty crazy $ELBM is up 300% today. They deal with rare earth metals. The top gainers are all involved in rare earth metals.
Justin Bons
Justin Bons
I make arguments; you focus on personal attack. I keep it civil; you are being toxic... I will not be dragged down to your level of discourse, as I value reason & have plenty of love in my heart ❤️ My EGLD critique is now here to warn your audience: ⚠️
Justin Bons
Justin Bons
EGLD's fall from grace: Going from a capped supply to a yearly inflation of 8.75% is reckless What is even worse is that 40% of that is being funneled directly to a "fake DAO" While they plan to mint an additional $250M worth of EGLD to GIVE directly to private companies! 🧵 Including "MvX Labs US LLC," which is owned by EGLD's leadership; clearly a massive conflict of interest! A real shame, as they have some of the best sharding tech; however, none of that matters if they wreck the economic model in this way Inflation Is Not Growth: Within the context of blockchain token economic design, inflation should be seen as a cost that is paid by the investors That means when you mint new tokens to GIVE to private parties. What you are really doing is redistributing wealth, from everyone, to these private parties... That is why what is being proposed here is not just terrible from a blockchain design & economics perspective but also from a moral one. It is, in other words, a type of "hidden tax"; a trick governments have played on the public for centuries Something that crypto should move away from, not return to... It would not be so bad if all this new inflation were used to secure the network (paying validators) & other decentralized L1 purposes (like a L1 DAO treasury). However, that is unfortunately not the case here That is also how this proposal inevitably introduces corruption by combining potentially massive payouts with centralized decision-making: Fake DAO: DAOs are supposed to be governed through stakeholder voting. That is not the case here; that is what makes this a "Fake DAO" The stakeholders will only get 40% of the vote! While the foundation gets 30% & xAlliance (funded by the foundation) gets the last 30%... That is not a DAO, as it is not decentralized or autonomous! Builder "Growth" Fund (20% of Inflation): Governed in a centralized manner. As I just described, this fund will pay out applications. Again, opening up countless more opportunities for corruption. As they will whitelist projects that get paid, creating an unfair competitive environment Whitelists are never justified in a decentralized context, as it always implies a type of permissioned gatekeeping. Whitelists & blacklists for that matter are something we would ussuelly associate with centralized systems instead... User "Growth" Fund (20% of Inflation): This is basically an incentive program for EGLD DeFi. Something we have seen many times before. However, there is a big difference between a foundation spending its initially agreed-upon capital vs allocating new emissions after the fact... This will again impoverish investors in favour of DeFi traders, who tend to be highly mercenary, jumping from chain to chain chasing such incentive programs. Another crooked game that is unlikely to create lasting growth for EGLD; quite the opposite: As it will create even more downward pressure on price as mercenary traders sell all these tokens back into the market... Protocol "Sustainability" (10% of Inflation): Looks like this bucket will be paid directly to the Core team (the authors of this proposal) I have opposed this style of Core dev funding for many years, as it is basically a "blank check". There should instead be a decentralized treasury that is voted on through governance proposals (competition). Not a hardcoded address that goes directly to the Core team... The document itself does not describe the exact implementation of this bucket, but I suspect it will be as I just described, which is again terrible. This feels especially greedy as the same leadership is also planning to give itself an additional $100M worth of EGLD by GIVING it to their own private for-profit company: Conflict of interests ($100M): MvX Labs US LLC will be a private for-profit company, presumably owned by EGLD's leadership. Just like its Romanian counterpart I only say presumably here, as the company does not even exist (based on the US company registry). Yet in the screenshot below (from the official docs), they propose GIVING this company $100M in EGLD! This is the most insane aspect of this entire plan. As it breaks multiple "sacred" rules of blockchain design. Breaking the social contract & all future trust in the process As this sets a precedent that big "one off" emission events can occur under EGLD's leadership & governance. Destroying any & all scarcity guerentees that investors useully look for when doing fundemental analysis Emissions (inflation) should only ever be used by an L1 for itself, not to pay off private companies! DAT & ETF deals ($150M): I keep repeating that they are "GIVING" these newly minted tokens away, because unlike BTC, ETH, & SOL, DATs & ETFs. Who have to buy these tokens on the open market based on the demand for these products, thereby creating positive price pressure These organizations will be "gifted" these tokens instead of needing to buy them. This is another area where there should be massive corruption concerns This means that EGLD's leadership is now in a position to appoint people to extremely lucrative positions. Even giving them shares worth many millions of dollars, the possibilities for bribes & favoritism are endless... This is another reason why an L1 should have nothing to do with such matters, thereby maintaining credible neutrality! DATs & ETFs should instead evolve organically based on the merit of the project, as happened with BTC, ETH & SOL; those L1s had nothing to do with setting up these companies, let alone directly GIVING them freshly minted tokens! Builder Revenue Share (90% of Fees) Another terrible design decision; as builders can always allocate more of the application fees to themselves via the smart contract. The reason why they do not do so in most ecosystems is that it makes the application way less competitive! The total fees are based on what the validator is willing to accept, by arbitrarily returning 90% of the fees back to the smart contract developer. It forces validators to raise gas prices to meet their costs In effect, this will make all applications on EGLD 10x more expensive. In reality, most competitively minded devs will program this revenue share out; however, that also creates massive inefficiencies in the smart contract itself... I never liked the initial 30% revenue share, which means I obviously dislike a 90% revenue share even more! Economic Design EGLD's major competitors, such as ETH & SOL, both have a low long-term inflation rate combined with a 50% fee burn That EGLD is introducing a high inflation rate, combined with a 10% burn, makes it massively inferior from an economic perspective. As the goal with these designs is to have the burn exceed the inflation rate... However, given how much worse these figures are, for EGLD to achieve the same level of deflation (price appreciation based on burn), it would need at least 10x the economic activity... As this plan will give EGLD 5x the inflation with 1/5 the burn! That is what makes this design so objectively bad when compared to ETH & SOL The fact that EGLD's leadership has repeatedly stated that EGLD's burn will exceed inflation when this plan is implemented is also incredibly irresponsible. As that is not even the case with ETH & SOL now, which have a far better economic model & orders of magnitude more usage... The latest trend for big chains is to reduce their inflation rates, as ETH & NEAR did, or as SOL attempted to do, since most are still overpaying for security. The fact that EGLD is going in the complete opposite direction tells us how disconnected they are from established industry blockchain design principles Political Blunder This was also very badly handled from a political perspective. It is almost as if the leadership has ZERO knowledge of the last decade in crypto governance developments, or even basic political common sense... Attempting so many changes all at once was a terrible decision for multiple reasons: As it allows critics such as myself to focus on the worst parts of the plan, while also making it trivial for the Core team to control the narrative through sleight of hand As they can, for example, focus on discussing inflation rates while avoiding the topic of them minting new tokens that they plan to GIVE to private companies, including their own... It is not dissimilar to what happens in US politics, where many unrelated issues are pushed into a single massive bill. Forcing politicians to make massive compromises, as passing something they want will also imply passing something they do not want that the bill's creators might have snuck in! That is what makes these current discussions so unhealthy, as it quickly becomes a chaotic mess. What they should have done was introduce these new concepts one at a time, so the community can focus on that issue without additional & unnecessary noise Another major mistake was releasing a "half-baked" proposal where so much still remains unspecified, critical details where many devils can hide. As it muddies the conversation even more! Yet the core team is still actively promoting this & gathering consensus, while critics like me are not supposed to critique because it is unfinished... A ridiculous political situation, that comes across as if the Core team is attempting to dominate the narrative & discussion through manipulative tactics Chasing imaginary demons I noticed a lot of EGLD community members & leadership pointing to SOL as a justification for these changes Basically saying if SOL can do such evil & corrupt things that EGLD also has to do those things to compete... (two wrongs do not make a right) What is even crazier about that is that SOL never did anything even approaching the level of controversy these changes represent: SOL never increased its inflation rate, never paid private companies from new token emissions, & never paid its own leadership from new token emissions As a matter of fact, all of SOL's "ecosystem funding" comes from the foundation (non-profit). Which got all of its funds from the initial token allocation. That is entirely different from what is being proposed here... The Alternative Solution: The real technical solution is incredibly simple & has been done many times before: A decentralized L1 treasury governed by the L1 stakeholders Similar to what governance innovators like DASH, XTZ & DCR have done. Modern examples also exist, such as APT & SEI! For that purpose, I would propose an inflation rate of 2% which is more economically sound. Which should be split as such: 45% to the validators 45% to the burn 10% to the treasury These numbers are well established within the broader crypto research community In truth, this entire proposal is far more complex than it needs to be. In fact, the entire proposal could be replaced with a single-page document, which would also be far better at achieving the stated goals As a single L1 native DAO can easily fund anything imaginable, while doing it in a fully decentralized, transparent & credibly neutral way The difference is that in such a design, power & authority flow directly from the stakeholders rather than from the centralized leadership, as is the case in the current proposal There are more details & nuances we could discuss as part of this ideal design, such as weighting based on time-locked, native delegation, on-chain proposals systems, & additional checks & balances. However, these are all minor details in comparison with the grander ideal design, which is elegant in its simplicity The Future of EGLD: The leadership will get its way, that much seems clear to me, as they have ZERO genuine interest in real feedback & debate. Literally refusing to debate me, or even engaging with these topics & opting for ad hominem attacks instead... The community calls are a joke, a form of theatre, as I am not welcome, considering they muted me after speaking for less than a minute... They will continue to compromise on some of these decisions & likely meet the critics halfway. However, it would not surprise me at all if that was always the plan. Even if the figures are cut in half, this is still a terrible plan EGLD is dead to me. I cannot support a project with such atrocious token economics & a leadership that shuts down debate with character assassination Perpetual Motion Machine: It is funny to me that the document itself refers to this plan as a "perpetual motion machine". A machine that cannot exist as it breaks the laws of thermodynamics A concept that has a long history with scammers promising people the moon, only for them to lose everything in the end The analogy is kind of perfect in the economic sense, even though that is clearly not how the author meant it Refusal To Debate: My challenge for a debate to the founders remains open! So far they have refused my challange & even refuse to engange me on these topics, instead they are attempting to destroy my credibility through constant ad hominen attacks. Calling me a liar & a scammer, even from the founders themselves, setting the example for what is remaining of that community... Even if I was a liar & scammer, which I am most certainly not, the best way to shut me down would be a debate. As that would allow reason & logic to triumph That is why it is the side unwilling to debate that is the least likely to have truth on its side... An incredibly weak response considering that I might just be their most prominent critic! As I am open to have a productive discussion with the leadership about these points, they clearly are not Conclusion: I am sad to see another great cryptocurrency fall, especially one that had so much positive potential As again its sharding implementation is one of the best we have ever seen, so I have no doubt about the technical proficiency of the team Unfortunately, as is often the case in crypto, these same engineers also think they can design economic & governance systems... Which in reality requires an entirely different area of expertise. Explaining how I am so easily able to tear their plan apart, as that is in fact my own area of expertise What bothers me the most is how they are promising people growth, when in reality all they are bringing to the table is dilution... That is part of the reason why I have completely lost faith in the team. As they are promising massive growth as part of this plan, yet all they will do in reality is impoverish investors & enrich themselves more in the process That is not the crypto dream; it is a nightmare! It always hurts to see our communities, our favorite chain go up in smoke. It takes strenght & bravery to admit we were wrong & move on Please do not be one of those bag holders who becomes more extreme as the price continues to crash, diversify your portfolio & your mind now! Escape the cult! I was not even able to cover everything that was wrong with the proposal in what has now become a massive critique... This might be one of the worst governance proposals I have ever seen in over decade of full time research into cryptocurrency That is how I went from EGLD supporter to critic overnight when this proposal dropped. That is why I needed to deploy harsh rhetoric quickly. As we, especially as influencers have a responsibility to warn people of irresponsible behavoir within the crypto sphere, especially if we have also promoted the project in the past If you also once supported EGLD, then the healthiest response is to view this debacle as an expensive but incredible valuable lesson, that we can carry with us towards whatever chains we choose to support next That is how we grow as people, as an industry & as a community. Breaking the cult like cycle toxicity. By replacing it with true intellectual honesty, logic, reason & love! ❤️
Fran Algaba
Fran Algaba
Relentless focus in intent based transactions @near_intents that now is paying off with an impressive product
Res
Res
Moving native USDT from Ethereum to Tron or viceversa has never been easier and cheaper. $1M USDT transfer 44 seconds $5 fee That’s 0.05 bps. Let that sink in.

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Near Protocol FAQ

Near Protocol is a cutting-edge Layer 1 blockchain platform, known for its scalability and rapid transactions, courtesy of its sharding mechanism.

Near Protocol incorporates sharding, a technique that divides the network into smaller segments (or shards), thereby optimizing transaction speeds and overall network performance.

Easily buy NEAR tokens on the OKX cryptocurrency platform. Available trading pairs in the OKX spot trading terminal include NEAR/BTC, NEAR/USDC and NEAR/USDT.

You can also buy NEAR with over 99 fiat currencies by selecting the "Express buy" option. Other popular crypto tokens, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT), and USD Coin (USDC), are also available.

Additionally, you can swap your existing cryptocurrencies, including XRP (XRP), Cardano (ADA), Solana (SOL), and Chainlink (LINK), for NEAR with zero fees and no price slippage by using OKX Convert.

To view the estimated real-time conversion prices between fiat currencies, such as the USD, EUR, GBP, and others, into NEAR, visit the OKX Crypto Converter Calculator. OKX's high-liquidity crypto exchange ensures the best prices for your crypto purchases.

Currently, one Near Protocol is worth $2.469. For answers and insight into Near Protocol's price action, you're in the right place. Explore the latest Near Protocol charts and trade responsibly with OKX.
Cryptocurrencies, such as Near Protocol, are digital assets that operate on a public ledger called blockchains. Learn more about coins and tokens offered on OKX and their different attributes, which includes live prices and real-time charts.
Thanks to the 2008 financial crisis, interest in decentralized finance boomed. Bitcoin offered a novel solution by being a secure digital asset on a decentralized network. Since then, many other tokens such as Near Protocol have been created as well.
Check out our Near Protocol price prediction page to forecast future prices and determine your price targets.

Dive deeper into Near Protocol

In 2020, the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector saw significant growth, leading to a surge of decentralized applications (dApps) on the Ethereum network. This surge underscored some of Ethereum's scalability challenges, pointing to the necessity for a more robust solution. Responding to this need, Near Protocol emerged as a community-oriented cloud computing platform aiming to mitigate these constraints.

What is Near Protocol 

NEAR is a community-driven cloud computing platform that adopts the Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. With its user-friendly interface and smart contract capabilities, NEAR seeks to empower developers to effortlessly design and deploy innovative dApps and DeFi solutions. Furthermore, its unique design allows users to engage with dApps and smart contracts without requiring a wallet.

The Near Protocol team

Erik Trautman, an entrepreneur boasting Wall Street experience and founder of Viking Education, pioneered NEAR. Alongside him are co-founders Illia Polusukhin, a former Google employee, and Alexander Skidanov, an ex-Microsoft staffer. Under their leadership, NEAR has amassed a skilled cohort of developers, featuring International Collegiate Programming Contest gold medalists.

How does Near Protocol work

Utilizing sharding technology, NEAR improves transaction speed and volume. By distributing its computational load across multiple shards, each node runs only the relevant code for its assigned shard, optimizing scalability. NEAR's Blockchain Operating System (BOS), grounded in JavaScript, ensures developers can use a familiar programming language. The platform provides ready-made components, facilitating quicker product development. Moreover, users can swiftly access the system without needing to own or use cryptocurrency.

NEAR tokenomics

NEAR's native token, NEAR, was launched on October 13, 2020, with a total supply of 1 billion tokens. The token offers several use cases, from paying transaction gas fees to staking for rewards. Additionally, it plays a role in governance, data storage, and access to services and applications on the Near Protocol.

NEAR distribution

NEAR was distributed in the following way:

  • 17.2 percent: Community grants and programs
  • 15.23 percent: Seed round
  • 14 percent: Core contributors
  • 11.76 percent: Early ecosystem development
  • 11.4 percent: Operation grants
  • 12 percent: Community sales
  • 10 percent: Foundation
  • 8.41 percent: Venture round

Near Protocol: The road ahead

Created for robustness and efficiency, NEAR offers a platform free from intermediaries, permitting users to independently publish and host applications. This commitment to progress is reflected in their Q3 2023 announcement, heralding phase 2 of sharding to enhance the sharding process and improve scalability.

ESG Disclosure

ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
Asset details
Name
OKCoin Europe Ltd
Relevant legal entity identifier
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Name of the crypto-asset
NEAR Protocol
Consensus Mechanism
NEAR Protocol is present on the following networks: Binance Smart Chain, Ethereum, Near Protocol. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently. The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency. The NEAR Protocol uses a unique consensus mechanism combining Proof of Stake (PoS) and a novel approach called Doomslug, which enables high efficiency, fast transaction processing, and secure finality in its operations. Here's an overview of how it works: Core Concepts 1. Doomslug and Proof of Stake: - NEAR's consensus mechanism primarily revolves around PoS, where validators stake NEAR tokens to participate in securing the network. However, NEAR's implementation is enhanced with the Doomslug protocol. - Doomslug allows the network to achieve fast block finality by requiring blocks to be confirmed in two stages. Validators propose blocks in the first step, and finalization occurs when two-thirds of validators approve the block, ensuring rapid transaction confirmation. 2. Sharding with Nightshade: - NEAR uses a dynamic sharding technique called Nightshade. This method splits the network into multiple shards, enabling parallel processing of transactions across the network, thus significantly increasing throughput. Each shard processes a portion of transactions, and the outcomes are merged into a single "snapshot" block. - This sharding approach ensures scalability, allowing the network to grow and handle increasing demand efficiently. Consensus Process 1. Validator Selection: - Validators are selected to propose and validate blocks based on the amount of NEAR tokens staked. This selection process is designed to ensure that only validators with significant stakes and community trust participate in securing the network. 2. Transaction Finality: - NEAR achieves transaction finality through its PoS-based system, where validators vote on blocks. Once two-thirds of validators approve a block, it reaches finality under Doomslug, meaning that no forks can alter the confirmed state. 3. Epochs and Rotation: - Validators are rotated in epochs to ensure fairness and decentralization. Epochs are intervals in which validators are reshuffled, and new block proposers are selected, ensuring a balance between performance and decentralization.
Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees
NEAR Protocol is present on the following networks: Binance Smart Chain, Ethereum, Near Protocol. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform. The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity. NEAR Protocol employs several economic mechanisms to secure the network and incentivize participation: Incentive Mechanisms to Secure Transactions: 1. Staking Rewards: Validators and delegators secure the network by staking NEAR tokens. Validators earn around 5% annual inflation, with 90% of newly minted tokens distributed as staking rewards. Validators propose blocks, validate transactions, and receive a share of these rewards based on their staked tokens. Delegators earn rewards proportional to their delegation, encouraging broad participation. 2. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their NEAR tokens to validators to increase the validator's stake and improve the chances of being selected to validate transactions. Delegators share in the validator's rewards based on their delegated tokens, incentivizing users to support reliable validators. 3. Slashing and Economic Penalties: Validators face penalties for malicious behavior, such as failing to validate correctly or acting dishonestly. The slashing mechanism enforces security by deducting a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring validators follow the network's best interests. 4. Epoch Rotation and Validator Selection: Validators are rotated regularly during epochs to ensure fairness and prevent centralization. Each epoch reshuffles validators, allowing the protocol to balance decentralization with performance. Fees on the NEAR Blockchain: 1. Transaction Fees: Users pay fees in NEAR tokens for transaction processing, which are burned to reduce the total circulating supply, introducing a potential deflationary effect over time. Validators also receive a portion of transaction fees as additional rewards, providing an ongoing incentive for network maintenance. 2. Storage Fees: NEAR Protocol charges storage fees based on the amount of blockchain storage consumed by accounts, contracts, and data. This requires users to hold NEAR tokens as a deposit proportional to their storage usage, ensuring the efficient use of network resources. 3. Redistribution and Burning: A portion of the transaction fees (burned NEAR tokens) reduces the overall supply, while the rest is distributed to validators as compensation for their work. The burning mechanism helps maintain long-term economic sustainability and potential value appreciation for NEAR holders. 4. Reserve Requirement: Users must maintain a minimum account balance and reserves for data storage, encouraging efficient use of resources and preventing spam attacks.
Beginning of the period to which the disclosure relates
2024-10-13
End of the period to which the disclosure relates
2025-10-13
Energy report
Energy consumption
920151.45889 (kWh/a)
Renewable energy consumption
31.806111833 (%)
Energy intensity
0.00001 (kWh)
Key energy sources and methodologies
To determine the proportion of renewable energy usage, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from Our World in Data, see citation. The intensity is calculated as the marginal energy cost wrt. one more transaction. Ember (2025); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2024) - with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of electricity generated by renewables - Ember and Energy Institute” [dataset]. Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data Europe”; Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data”; Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy” [original data]. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-renewables.
Energy consumption sources and methodologies
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: For the calculation of energy consumptions, the so called 'bottom-up' approach is being used. The nodes are considered to be the central factor for the energy consumption of the network. These assumptions are made on the basis of empirical findings through the use of public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. The main determinants for estimating the hardware used within the network are the requirements for operating the client software. The energy consumption of the hardware devices was measured in certified test laboratories. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts. To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) binance_smart_chain, ethereum is calculated first. For the energy consumption of the token, a fraction of the energy consumption of the network is attributed to the token, which is determined based on the activity of the crypto-asset within the network. When calculating the energy consumption, the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) is used - if available - to determine all implementations of the asset in scope. The mappings are updated regularly, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts.
Emissions report
Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions – Controlled
0.00000 (tCO2e/a)
Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - Purchased
309.86776 (tCO2e/a)
GHG intensity
0.00000 (kgCO2e)
Key GHG sources and methodologies
To determine the GHG Emissions, the locations of the nodes are to be determined using public information sites, open-source crawlers and crawlers developed in-house. If no information is available on the geographic distribution of the nodes, reference networks are used which are comparable in terms of their incentivization structure and consensus mechanism. This geo-information is merged with public information from Our World in Data, see citation. The intensity is calculated as the marginal emission wrt. one more transaction. Ember (2025); Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2024) - with major processing by Our World in Data. “Carbon intensity of electricity generation - Ember and Energy Institute” [dataset]. Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data Europe”; Ember, “Yearly Electricity Data”; Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy” [original data]. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-intensity-electricity Licenced under CC BY 4.0.
Market cap
$3.09B #30
Circulating supply
1.25B / 1.28B
All-time high
$20.6
24h volume
$402.14M
4.0 / 5
NEARNEAR
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